Chapter 4– Review Questions
Volts are a measure of what characteristic of electricity?
Electrical pressure differential (potential differential)
What is the normal voltage of house electricity in the United States?
110 volts
Hot wires in home wiring are normally colored ____ and ground wires in computer are normally colored____?
Black, Black
What is the difference between a transformer and a rectifier? Which are found in a PC power supply?
Transformer: a device that changes the ratio of current to voltage
Rectifier: a device that converts AC to DC
Both are found in a PC power supply
What are the five voltages produced by an ATX or BTX power supply?
+/- 5V, +/- 12V and 3.3 V
What is the purpose of the 4-pin auxiliary connector on a motherboard?
To provide an additional 12V of power
How many pins does the main power connector on a BTX board have?
24
What form factor for the case and power supply does a NLX motherboard have?
ATX
Describe the purpose of the ground line in a house circuit. What is the electrical symbol for ground?
Ground lines prevent uncontrolled electricity from continuing to flow indefinitely.
What is the basic electronic building block of an integrated circuit?
The transistor
Why is a power supply dangerous even after the power is disconnected?
The capacitors inside maintain their charge long after the current is no longer present.
What is the symbol for diode?
What is s simple way to detect EMI?
Use an AM radio. Turn the tuning dial away from a station and all the way down into a low-frequency range
What is an unintended high current, closed connection between two points in a circuit called?
Short circuit
Which form factor uses a riser card on the edge of the motherboard?
NLX
List four types of computer case form factors. What is the most popular type of form factor for PCs today?
Desktop, mini-tower, full-size tower and notebook. Midi-towers are most popular.
List three advantages an ATX system has over a Baby AT system.
Adding and removing components is easier. Provide greater support for I/O devices and processor technology. Less expensive.
List four computer symptoms that indicate faulty power supply.
System hangs, reboots, gives intermittent errors or does not boot at all
According to ACPI (Advanced Configuration & Power Interface) standards, the S1 mode causes what two devices to stop using power.
The hard drive and monitor
What is another name for the ACPI standard S4 mode?
Hibernation
What power management standard is older than ACPI and has mostly been replaced by ACPI?
Advanced Power Management (APM)
How can you easily tell if a computer is designed to comply with Green Standards?
They have the US Green Star
What unit of measure is used to describe the amount of work a surge suppressor can do before its tops protecting the circuit from an electrical surge?
Joules
Why is it important to have an indicate light on a surge suppressor?
It indicates the device is protecting equipment from over-voltages
What are the two types of uninterruptible power supplies?
Stand by and inline
How does a smart UPS differ from one that is not smart?
Smart UPS can be controlled by software from a computer
If you are asked to identify the form factor of a motherboard, what are the criteria you can use to help identify the board?
Power connector, shape, size, orientation of CPU to expansion slots
What are three motherboard form factors that can be used with a compact case?
NLX, LPX or Mini-LPX
What is one thing you can regularly do to prevent a computer system from overheating?
Use compressed air or vacuum to remove dust from power supply and vents
Which type of case form factor is best designed to keep a system cool?
BTX
Friday, April 11, 2008
Chapter 3– Review Questions
What is the difference between a hard boot and a soft boot?
Hard boot is more stressful because of initial power surge. Ex. Pushing the power button
Soft boot is faster. Restart the PC w/o turning off the power. Ex. CTRL + ALT + DEL
What are the four main parts of the boot process?
Start –up Bios runs the post and assigns system resources
Start –up Bios program searches for and loads the OS
OS configures the system and completes its own loading
Application software is loaded and executed
What memory address is always assigned to the fist instruction in the ROM BIOS start up program?
FFFFoh
How does startup BIOS communicate errors during POST if video is not yet available?
Short and long beeps indicate an error
Name the program that is needed to locate the beginning of the OS on a drive?
Master boot record (MBR)
List three types of information contained in a hard drive’s partition table?
How many partitions the drive has, how each partition is divided into 1 or more logical drives
Which partition contains the drive to be used for booting (active drive)
Where each logical drive begins and ends
What is the name of the Windows NT/2000/XP boot drive?
Ntldr
How many startup disks are needed to boot Windows 2000 from floppy disks?
4
When troubleshooting a failed boot, if you don’t see any lights or hear any noises, what hardware system do you first assume is at fault?
Electrical system
When booting your computer and you see a blank screen, but hear a single beep, what can you assume worked with no errors?
BIOS
When booting your computer and you see a blank screen, but hear a single beep, what component should you check first?
Monitor and monitor cable
Using the rule”trade good for suspected bad”, describe how to easily troubleshoot a video problem?
Video card, power cord to monitor, cord from monitor to PC and monitor
Give five possible questions that should be asked of a user who is experiencing computer problems.
What error messages, unusual displays or failures did you see?
When did the problem start?
What was the situation when the problem occurred?
What programs or software were you using?
Did you move your computer?
Has anyone else used your computer?
Has there been a recent thunderstorm or electrical problem?
What is the best way to document intermittent problems?
Draw diagrams. Make lists
Using Windows, list the steps to print to screen that shows and error message.
Press the “Print Screen” key. Paste contents into Paint or Word software
What preventative maintenance measures need to be done inside the case at least once a year?
Make sure air vents are clear
Use compressed air to blow the dust out of the case or use a vacuum to clean vents, power supply and fan
Ensure that chips and expansion cards are firmly seated
List at least three tasks you should complete before moving or shipping a computer?
Back up hard drive onto a tape cartridge
Remove any removable disks, tape cartridges or CDs from drives
Turn off power to the computer and all other devices
Disconnect power cords from the electrical outlet and devices
Label the cable connections with white tape or white labels
Coil all external cords and secure with plastic ties or rubber bands
Pack computer, monitor and al devices in their original shipping cartons or similar boxes with enough packing material to protect them
Purchase insurance on the shipment
How do you properly dispose of a battery pack from a notebook computer? A broken monitor? A toner cartridge from a laser printer?
Return them to original dealer or take to recycling center.
Pack separately from other items
Discharge monitor before disposing
Check with local county or environmental officials for laws and regulations
Return to manufacturer or dealer to be recycled
If you are unsure how to properly dispose of a can of contact cleaner, how can you find out the acceptable method of disposal?
Check with local county or environmental officials for laws and regulations
Return to manufacturer or dealer to be recycled
What two tools can be used to remove dust from inside a computer case?
Vacuum and compressed air
What are three types of ribbon cables you might find inside a PC?
Floppy disk drive- 34 pin w/twist in ribbon
IDE – 40 pin w/ 40 wires
IDE – 40 pin w/ 80 wires
Why is it important to not rock an expansion card from side to side as you remove it from its slot?
Might spread the slot opening and weaken the connection
What type of expansion card can have a retention mechanism at the bottom of the card to help stabilize it in the slot?
Video
Name three tools that you can use to protect a system against ESD as you work on it.
ESD gloves, wrist strap and mat
If you suspect that a USB port is faulty, what tool can you use to test the port?
Loop back plug
What is the difference between a hard boot and a soft boot?
Hard boot is more stressful because of initial power surge. Ex. Pushing the power button
Soft boot is faster. Restart the PC w/o turning off the power. Ex. CTRL + ALT + DEL
What are the four main parts of the boot process?
Start –up Bios runs the post and assigns system resources
Start –up Bios program searches for and loads the OS
OS configures the system and completes its own loading
Application software is loaded and executed
What memory address is always assigned to the fist instruction in the ROM BIOS start up program?
FFFFoh
How does startup BIOS communicate errors during POST if video is not yet available?
Short and long beeps indicate an error
Name the program that is needed to locate the beginning of the OS on a drive?
Master boot record (MBR)
List three types of information contained in a hard drive’s partition table?
How many partitions the drive has, how each partition is divided into 1 or more logical drives
Which partition contains the drive to be used for booting (active drive)
Where each logical drive begins and ends
What is the name of the Windows NT/2000/XP boot drive?
Ntldr
How many startup disks are needed to boot Windows 2000 from floppy disks?
4
When troubleshooting a failed boot, if you don’t see any lights or hear any noises, what hardware system do you first assume is at fault?
Electrical system
When booting your computer and you see a blank screen, but hear a single beep, what can you assume worked with no errors?
BIOS
When booting your computer and you see a blank screen, but hear a single beep, what component should you check first?
Monitor and monitor cable
Using the rule”trade good for suspected bad”, describe how to easily troubleshoot a video problem?
Video card, power cord to monitor, cord from monitor to PC and monitor
Give five possible questions that should be asked of a user who is experiencing computer problems.
What error messages, unusual displays or failures did you see?
When did the problem start?
What was the situation when the problem occurred?
What programs or software were you using?
Did you move your computer?
Has anyone else used your computer?
Has there been a recent thunderstorm or electrical problem?
What is the best way to document intermittent problems?
Draw diagrams. Make lists
Using Windows, list the steps to print to screen that shows and error message.
Press the “Print Screen” key. Paste contents into Paint or Word software
What preventative maintenance measures need to be done inside the case at least once a year?
Make sure air vents are clear
Use compressed air to blow the dust out of the case or use a vacuum to clean vents, power supply and fan
Ensure that chips and expansion cards are firmly seated
List at least three tasks you should complete before moving or shipping a computer?
Back up hard drive onto a tape cartridge
Remove any removable disks, tape cartridges or CDs from drives
Turn off power to the computer and all other devices
Disconnect power cords from the electrical outlet and devices
Label the cable connections with white tape or white labels
Coil all external cords and secure with plastic ties or rubber bands
Pack computer, monitor and al devices in their original shipping cartons or similar boxes with enough packing material to protect them
Purchase insurance on the shipment
How do you properly dispose of a battery pack from a notebook computer? A broken monitor? A toner cartridge from a laser printer?
Return them to original dealer or take to recycling center.
Pack separately from other items
Discharge monitor before disposing
Check with local county or environmental officials for laws and regulations
Return to manufacturer or dealer to be recycled
If you are unsure how to properly dispose of a can of contact cleaner, how can you find out the acceptable method of disposal?
Check with local county or environmental officials for laws and regulations
Return to manufacturer or dealer to be recycled
What two tools can be used to remove dust from inside a computer case?
Vacuum and compressed air
What are three types of ribbon cables you might find inside a PC?
Floppy disk drive- 34 pin w/twist in ribbon
IDE – 40 pin w/ 40 wires
IDE – 40 pin w/ 80 wires
Why is it important to not rock an expansion card from side to side as you remove it from its slot?
Might spread the slot opening and weaken the connection
What type of expansion card can have a retention mechanism at the bottom of the card to help stabilize it in the slot?
Video
Name three tools that you can use to protect a system against ESD as you work on it.
ESD gloves, wrist strap and mat
If you suspect that a USB port is faulty, what tool can you use to test the port?
Loop back plug
Chapter 2– Review Questions
List four major functions of an OS.
It manages hardware, runs applications, provides interface for users, stores, retrieves and manipulates files.
Which OS is only used on Apple Macintosh computers?
Mac OS
Which OS was developed by Microsoft using core components of OS/2 and was meant to replace OS/2?
Windows NT
What is the next Microsoft OS for desktop computers to be released in 2007?
Windows Vista
Which OS often used for server applications is a scaled-down version of Unix?
Linux
Why did many users choose not upgrade to Windows Me?
Users did not feel it was a significant upgrade from Windows 98
What Microsoft OS is an upgrade of Windows 2000?
Windows XP
What are three possible interfaces on OS provides to the user? Briefly explain the functions of each.
Command-driven: the user types in commands to tell the OS what operations o perform. This type of interface is like that of DOS commands and is often preferred by computer techs wok mow this DOS-like command.
Menu-driven: the OS allows the user to choose from a list of options in order to perform any given operation.
Icon-driven: also known as GUI, the OS allows a user to choose from icons or pictures on the screen in order to perform any given operation. Most operating systems today offer both a menu-driven as will as an icon-driven interface.
Which file system is used by floppy disk?
FAT
What are two file systems used by hard drives?
FAT and NTFS
Real mode operates using a(n) ____bit data path and protected mode uses a(n) ____bit data path?
16 /32
Which Microsoft OS(s) support 16-bit device drivers or 32-bit device drivers?
Windows 95 or Windows 98
DOS, Windows Me and Windows NT/2000/XP do not
Real mode allows programs direct access to ____, but protected mode does not.
Hardware devices including memory
List three types of information that are kept in the Windows registry?
OS configuration data, user settings and application settings
List four ways to launch and application from the Windows desktop.
By double-clicking a shortcut icon on the desktop
By clicking Start, pointing to Programs and selecting the program from a list of installed software
By using the Run command from the Start menu
By double-clicking a file name in My Computer or Windows Explorer
Give two situations in which Windows keystroke shortcuts might be useful?
Keyboard shortcuts are sometimes faster for experienced typists, and they are useful when the mouse is not usable during some troubleshooting situations
How do you access the Display Properties Window? What are two settings you can change from this window?
Right-click anywhere on the desktop and select Properties from the shortcut menu or use the Display applet in Control Panel to access Display Properties. From this window, you can change the background, screen saver, color scheme, icon setting, color range, screen resolution, screen refresh rate, and drivers
What Windows 2000/XP and Windows 9x utility allows you to update the device driver for a device?
Device Manager
Users and applications depend on what to relate to all hardware components?
Users and applications depend on the OS to relate to all hardware components
Every OS has two man internal components. The ____ relates to the user and to applications and provides a command, menu, or icon interface, whereas the ___ is responsible for interfacing with the hardware?
Shell, kernel
What command can you enter in the Run dialog box to launch Device Manager?
Devmgmt.msc
Applets in the Control Panel are stored as program files with what file extension?
cpl
What Windows 2000/XP tool can you use to view the number of partitions used by a hard disk?
Disk Management
What command can you enter in the Run dialog box to launch Windows 2000/XP system information utility?
Msinfo32.exe
Which Windows OS(s) allow more than one user to be logged on simultaneously, each having his own open applications?
Windows XP
When using Linux, what is the purpose of an X Widows application?
To provide a GUI shell for Linux
What command can you enter in the Run dialog box of Windows 2000/XP to launch the Disk Management utility?
Diskmgmt.msc
A floppy drive is divided into tracks, which are divided into sectors. How large is each sector?
512 bytes
What is the name of the file used by Windows 2000/XP o hold data and instruction in virtual memory?
Pagefile.sys
Which of the two OS core components includes the Windows desktop? Which of the two OS core components includes the Windows memory manager?
Shell, kernel
What is the purpose of the Boot Camp software on a Mac?
To allow Windows to be installed as a dual boot alone with the Mac OS
What type of data is contained in files that have an .ini or .inf file extension?
These file extensions generally relate in initialization files. This file, along with a registry, maintains information necessary for hardware/software configuration, user preferences and application settings.
In Windows XP Device Manager, how do you uninstall a device?
Right-click on the device and select Uninstall from the shortcut menu
What is the Windows keyboard shortcut to move from one loaded application to another?
Alt + Tab
To display the Start menu from the Windows desktop?
Win or Ctrl + Esc,
To close the active application window?
Alt + F4
To shutdown Windows when no applications are loaded?
Alt + F4
List four major functions of an OS.
It manages hardware, runs applications, provides interface for users, stores, retrieves and manipulates files.
Which OS is only used on Apple Macintosh computers?
Mac OS
Which OS was developed by Microsoft using core components of OS/2 and was meant to replace OS/2?
Windows NT
What is the next Microsoft OS for desktop computers to be released in 2007?
Windows Vista
Which OS often used for server applications is a scaled-down version of Unix?
Linux
Why did many users choose not upgrade to Windows Me?
Users did not feel it was a significant upgrade from Windows 98
What Microsoft OS is an upgrade of Windows 2000?
Windows XP
What are three possible interfaces on OS provides to the user? Briefly explain the functions of each.
Command-driven: the user types in commands to tell the OS what operations o perform. This type of interface is like that of DOS commands and is often preferred by computer techs wok mow this DOS-like command.
Menu-driven: the OS allows the user to choose from a list of options in order to perform any given operation.
Icon-driven: also known as GUI, the OS allows a user to choose from icons or pictures on the screen in order to perform any given operation. Most operating systems today offer both a menu-driven as will as an icon-driven interface.
Which file system is used by floppy disk?
FAT
What are two file systems used by hard drives?
FAT and NTFS
Real mode operates using a(n) ____bit data path and protected mode uses a(n) ____bit data path?
16 /32
Which Microsoft OS(s) support 16-bit device drivers or 32-bit device drivers?
Windows 95 or Windows 98
DOS, Windows Me and Windows NT/2000/XP do not
Real mode allows programs direct access to ____, but protected mode does not.
Hardware devices including memory
List three types of information that are kept in the Windows registry?
OS configuration data, user settings and application settings
List four ways to launch and application from the Windows desktop.
By double-clicking a shortcut icon on the desktop
By clicking Start, pointing to Programs and selecting the program from a list of installed software
By using the Run command from the Start menu
By double-clicking a file name in My Computer or Windows Explorer
Give two situations in which Windows keystroke shortcuts might be useful?
Keyboard shortcuts are sometimes faster for experienced typists, and they are useful when the mouse is not usable during some troubleshooting situations
How do you access the Display Properties Window? What are two settings you can change from this window?
Right-click anywhere on the desktop and select Properties from the shortcut menu or use the Display applet in Control Panel to access Display Properties. From this window, you can change the background, screen saver, color scheme, icon setting, color range, screen resolution, screen refresh rate, and drivers
What Windows 2000/XP and Windows 9x utility allows you to update the device driver for a device?
Device Manager
Users and applications depend on what to relate to all hardware components?
Users and applications depend on the OS to relate to all hardware components
Every OS has two man internal components. The ____ relates to the user and to applications and provides a command, menu, or icon interface, whereas the ___ is responsible for interfacing with the hardware?
Shell, kernel
What command can you enter in the Run dialog box to launch Device Manager?
Devmgmt.msc
Applets in the Control Panel are stored as program files with what file extension?
cpl
What Windows 2000/XP tool can you use to view the number of partitions used by a hard disk?
Disk Management
What command can you enter in the Run dialog box to launch Windows 2000/XP system information utility?
Msinfo32.exe
Which Windows OS(s) allow more than one user to be logged on simultaneously, each having his own open applications?
Windows XP
When using Linux, what is the purpose of an X Widows application?
To provide a GUI shell for Linux
What command can you enter in the Run dialog box of Windows 2000/XP to launch the Disk Management utility?
Diskmgmt.msc
A floppy drive is divided into tracks, which are divided into sectors. How large is each sector?
512 bytes
What is the name of the file used by Windows 2000/XP o hold data and instruction in virtual memory?
Pagefile.sys
Which of the two OS core components includes the Windows desktop? Which of the two OS core components includes the Windows memory manager?
Shell, kernel
What is the purpose of the Boot Camp software on a Mac?
To allow Windows to be installed as a dual boot alone with the Mac OS
What type of data is contained in files that have an .ini or .inf file extension?
These file extensions generally relate in initialization files. This file, along with a registry, maintains information necessary for hardware/software configuration, user preferences and application settings.
In Windows XP Device Manager, how do you uninstall a device?
Right-click on the device and select Uninstall from the shortcut menu
What is the Windows keyboard shortcut to move from one loaded application to another?
Alt + Tab
To display the Start menu from the Windows desktop?
Win or Ctrl + Esc,
To close the active application window?
Alt + F4
To shutdown Windows when no applications are loaded?
Alt + F4
Chapter 1 – Review Questions
Why is all data stored in a computer in binary form?
Binary form is what the computer understands
What are the four primarily functions of hardware?
Input, processing, storage and output
What are the two ma input devices and two main output devices?
Keyboard, mouse / monitor, printer
What three things do electronic hardware devices need in order to function?
A method for the CPU to communicate, software to instruct and control and electricity to power
How many bits are in a byte?
8
What is the purpose of an expansion slot on a motherboard?
Used for an expansion card; which enables a device that is not on the motherboard to communicate with the CPU.
Which component on the motherboard I used primarily for processing?
CPU
Name three CPU manufacturers.
Intel, VIA, Cyrix
What technology is most often used today to manufacture microchips?
CMOS
What are two other names for the system bus?
Front side bus, host bus
What are two other names for the motherboard?
Main board, system board
What are the tow basic types of cables found inside a computer case and what are their basic functions?
Data cable – connects devices to one another; passes data between devices
Power cable- supply power
List three types of ports that are often found coming directly off the motherboard to be used by external devices.
Serial, parallel and keyboard
What is the purpose of the S/PDIF port?
External home theater
List three kinds of memory modules.
SIMM, DIMM, RIMM
What is the difference between volatile and nonvolatile memory?
Volatile – Temporary / Nonvolatile - permanent
Of the two types of storage in a system, which type is generally faster and holds data and instructions while the data is being processed? Which type of storage is generally slower, but more permanent?
Primary storage – faster / secondary storage - slower
What technology standard provides for up to four devices on a system, including the hard drive as one of those devices? What are two most common industry names loosely used to describe this standard?
ATA (AT attachment) / EIDE or IDE
What is the size of the data path on most system buses today?
64 bit
What is the measurement of frequency of a system bus and CPU? Which is faster, the system bus or the CPU?
Hz, MHz, or GHz. The CPU is faster than the system bus
Name four types of buses that might be on a motherboard today.
PCI Express, PCI, AGP, and ISA
A power supply receives 120 volts ____ power from a wall outlet and converts it to 3.3, and 12 volts of ____ power.
AC / DC
ROM BIOS or firmware chips that can be upgraded without replacing the chips are called ____.
Flash ROM
CMOS setup allows a technician to change configuration settings on a motherboard stored in ____.
CMOS RAM
Name three examples of secondary storage devices.
Floppy, USB, CD Rom
A hertz is____ cycles per second; a megahertz is ____ cycles per second, and a gigahertz is ____ cycles per second.
1 / 1 million / 1 billion
An AGP slot is normally used for a(n) ____ expansion card.
Video
How many sizes of PCI Express slots are currently manufactured for personal computers?
4
Name the three purposes the motherboard ROM BIOS serves?
System BIOS – manage simple devices
Startup BIOS – start computer
CMOS setup – change some settings on the motherboard
From where does CMOS RAM receive its power?
From a small battery on the motherboard
Why is all data stored in a computer in binary form?
Binary form is what the computer understands
What are the four primarily functions of hardware?
Input, processing, storage and output
What are the two ma input devices and two main output devices?
Keyboard, mouse / monitor, printer
What three things do electronic hardware devices need in order to function?
A method for the CPU to communicate, software to instruct and control and electricity to power
How many bits are in a byte?
8
What is the purpose of an expansion slot on a motherboard?
Used for an expansion card; which enables a device that is not on the motherboard to communicate with the CPU.
Which component on the motherboard I used primarily for processing?
CPU
Name three CPU manufacturers.
Intel, VIA, Cyrix
What technology is most often used today to manufacture microchips?
CMOS
What are two other names for the system bus?
Front side bus, host bus
What are two other names for the motherboard?
Main board, system board
What are the tow basic types of cables found inside a computer case and what are their basic functions?
Data cable – connects devices to one another; passes data between devices
Power cable- supply power
List three types of ports that are often found coming directly off the motherboard to be used by external devices.
Serial, parallel and keyboard
What is the purpose of the S/PDIF port?
External home theater
List three kinds of memory modules.
SIMM, DIMM, RIMM
What is the difference between volatile and nonvolatile memory?
Volatile – Temporary / Nonvolatile - permanent
Of the two types of storage in a system, which type is generally faster and holds data and instructions while the data is being processed? Which type of storage is generally slower, but more permanent?
Primary storage – faster / secondary storage - slower
What technology standard provides for up to four devices on a system, including the hard drive as one of those devices? What are two most common industry names loosely used to describe this standard?
ATA (AT attachment) / EIDE or IDE
What is the size of the data path on most system buses today?
64 bit
What is the measurement of frequency of a system bus and CPU? Which is faster, the system bus or the CPU?
Hz, MHz, or GHz. The CPU is faster than the system bus
Name four types of buses that might be on a motherboard today.
PCI Express, PCI, AGP, and ISA
A power supply receives 120 volts ____ power from a wall outlet and converts it to 3.3, and 12 volts of ____ power.
AC / DC
ROM BIOS or firmware chips that can be upgraded without replacing the chips are called ____.
Flash ROM
CMOS setup allows a technician to change configuration settings on a motherboard stored in ____.
CMOS RAM
Name three examples of secondary storage devices.
Floppy, USB, CD Rom
A hertz is____ cycles per second; a megahertz is ____ cycles per second, and a gigahertz is ____ cycles per second.
1 / 1 million / 1 billion
An AGP slot is normally used for a(n) ____ expansion card.
Video
How many sizes of PCI Express slots are currently manufactured for personal computers?
4
Name the three purposes the motherboard ROM BIOS serves?
System BIOS – manage simple devices
Startup BIOS – start computer
CMOS setup – change some settings on the motherboard
From where does CMOS RAM receive its power?
From a small battery on the motherboard
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